I never really thought about it much, but you’re right that 99.9% of the people in the world with Macs have the email programs configured to work with POP mail servers and other off-Mac services, not check the mailbox on the computer itself.
Of course, in the normal operation of your system, it shouldn’t be sending you email (though it would be nice if it were to send you status updates), but sometimes you’ll find that a system daemon (always running background program) might have something it needs to report, and that’s usually what it is.
There are a number of different Unix command-line based email programs, including the Elm Mail System that I wrote many many moons ago, but the best choice with a stock Mac OS X system is Berkeley Mail, also known as mailx.
It’s rudimentary, but quite functional for this task. Let me show you, since I happen to have some system email on my main Mac too.

Unsurprisingly, it’s a message from the cron process which runs all the scheduled administrative tasks. Apparently there was some sort of glitch surrounding the folder “/Library/” and it was sent at exactly 11pm on May first.
To actually read the message, I can either type in the message number in the mailbox (it’s “1” in this case) or just press Return:

Ah, that looks bad. It appears that my Symantec Antivirus program isn’t properly installed for some strange reason and when the cron job tries to run the scheduled “schedLauncher” program, it generates the error “No such file or directory.”
That’s worth knowing, for sure, even if this is a rather convoluted way to learn about the problem.
To delete this message now that I’ve seen it, I can simply type “delete 1”, or if I want to save it to a specific folder, I could use “save ~/Desktop/symantec-error.txt” or similar.
Tip: If you save a message, make sure you specify your Desktop folder so you can find it again (the “~” is a shorthand for your home directory, then “Desktop” is the desktop folder therein). I also suggest you specify a “.txt” rather than “.msg” or “.mbox” or “.eml” or similar: you’re not going to need to respond to the message, just have the data so you can print it or forward it along to tech.
It turns out Berkeley Mail has a lot of different features that make it a fast and simple, albeit graphically uninspiring, application. If you’re really curious, type “?” at the “&” prompt and you’ll see what’s therein.
Otherwise, once you’ve specified that you either want to save the message or messages (by doing nothing), or delete them (with the “delete” command), you can quit with “quit” and the actions will be taken and you’re done.
If you’re really dying to learn about state-of-the-art Unix interface design from, um, many decades ago, I have good coverage of both Berkeley Mail and Elm in my best-selling book Teach Yourself Unix in 24 Hours.
Hope that helps you out!

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