If you're specifically trying to accomplish this so you can work with "sudo", then here's some good news: sudo doesn't actually require password entry. If you use the command visudo (on FreeBSD?, or the appropriate equivalent on your OS) to edit your sudoers file (which controls who is allowed to use the sudo command), you can add a line like the following to permit sudo usage by user 'username' without password entry for any command.
username ALL = NOPASSWD: ALL
Or a line like the following will allow only '/usr/local/bin/script.sh' to be run with sudo by the user 'username' without a password.
username ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/local/bin/script.sh
The above would be by far the most secure option, since it doesn't require keeping a password in plain text anywhere on the system.
Alternatively, you can hide command line options like a password from ps output by inserting the value with another command using back ticks. For example, you can put the password in a file called password.txt in the user's home directory, and instead of putting the password in the command line put in
`cat /home/username/password.txt`
Just make sure you chmod 700 password.txt so only that user can read the file. Oh, and I'd probably name it something less obvious too, just for insurance.
Another thought: Some operating systems have settings that only let users see their own processes in ps. FreeBSD 4.x can be set to behave in this fashion by setting sysctl kern.ps_showallprocs to 0. FreeBSD 5.x has sysctls security.bsd.see_other_uids and security.bsd.see_other_gids that can both be set to 0 for the same effect. Linux needs kernel patches to accomplish this, like grsecurity, as one example.
Note that all of these controls do not affect users with root access.
Hope you find these ideas useful!
My thanks to Chris Buechler for his aid with this question.
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Another trick you can do is like the old cobalt Raq servers. Create a 'super-secret-hidden-file' whose entire contents are the password and then do
cat super-secret-hidden-file | sudo -S command
The sudo trick mentioned above is better than this though.
Here are two alternate ideas that let you do what you want but also give you the flexibility of running the task on other computers:
You can consider using SSH. If you are logged in as a non-root user and you want to run a command as root (or any other user) without entering a password you can set up public key encryption using SSH and then just do this:
ssh root@computername command
My personal favorite is to create a cron job that runs every minute and watches a particular folder for a file. Your script can run as an unpriveledged user and simply do
touch watched-folder/file.txt
Then, your cron job should check if this file exists and if so, carry out the predetermined task and delete the temporary file. This is great for running tasks as root on the same computer or for running privileged or un-privileged tasks on another computer.
I use it to run batch tasks on different machines. All I need to do is copy (or scp) a log file to the waiting computer. It will detect the presence of this new file and then begin processing the log.